DIRECTIONS: Read, Chapter 23-2, which is about President Roosevelt’s Second New Deal, and then summarize the following important legislative acts. Make sure you include significant details in your summary.
1. What was the Works Progress Administration?
The Works Progress Administration was an organization that focused on giving work to many unskilled workers that could not find employment elsewhere. It was similar to the Public Works Administration in that it helped create lasting infrastructure and aid, such as schools and roads. The WPA also helped keep a history of slavery in America by interviewing former slaves. Many accused the WPA of being a make-work project, nevertheless it lowered unemployment.
2. How did the New Deal help labor? (Hint: Wagner Act)
The Second New Deal helped labor by reestablishing collective bargaining and other rights stripped by the Supreme Court. The Wagner Act set the maximum number of hours in the work week and set the first minimum wage in America, $.25 an hour. This act also set rules on child labor regarding people under 16 and people under 18. Part of the Wagner Act was setting up the National Labor Relations Board, which helped to get rid of unfair practices by employers.
3. What benefits did the Social Security system provide?
Social Security provided a small amount of money for retirees 65 years or older so that they would be sure to have a certain standard of living. It also provided some money to unemployed people to help keep them afloat while they searched for jobs. Social Security provided a weekly sum of money to those with dependent children or the disabled to help support these people who could not work.
Read pages 710 to 713 in Chapter 23-3 (The New Deal Affects Many Groups) and answer the following questions:
4. Why was the “Black Cabinet” important to the Roosevelt administration?
The “Black Cabinet” was important to the Roosevelt administration because it helped to gain him support among the black population of America. Although he did not fully support Civil Rights for African-Americans, he did do his best to promote more equality than there was. African-Americans recognized that he was appointing many more blacks into government than there had been before and respected his efforts. In general, blacks supported the New Deal.
5. Evaluate the actions and policies of the Roosevelt administration on civil rights.
For the most part, Roosevelt did not do much directly for civil rights. Although he made significant efforts to include blacks and Mexicans, most New Deal agencies ended up discriminating often. However, the New Deal did a lot for the Native Americans civil rights. It helped create more self-sufficient reservations that could govern themselves and have schools on the reservation. Overall, Roosevelt made steps forward in civil rights, but did not move very far.
6. What changes occurred for Native Americans as a result of the New Deal?
As a result of the New Deal, America was no longer attempting to assimilate Native Americans, but rather help them to live separately from many Americans, within their own culture. They were given reservations that definitely belonged to one tribe, as opposed to being up for selling by the government if they believed them abandoned. The Native Americans were also given the right to govern their own reservations how they wanted. They could also practice their own cultural practices as they pleased.
7. Why was the Wagner Act significant?
The Wagner Act was a huge help to organized labor in America. The Act helped increase union membership exponentially and give more power to unions. The act also created some of the first industry wide unions, as opposed to local unions. It helped with the creation of the Congress of Industrial Organization as well, which created large and powerful unions.
DIRECTIONS: Read, Chapter 23-5, which is about the impact of New Deal reforms, and take notes about the lasting effects of those reform on American society.
8a. What were the New Deal Laws and Agencies created for LABOR? 8b. And, what were the lasting effects of these LABOR laws and agencies on American Government and Life?
Wagner Act
National Labor Relations Board
Fair Labor Standards Act
This legislation created limits and regulations on labor that still are in effect today. This was the first time child labor was actually banned in America. The minimum wage and limits on work weeks were set as well. This also helped to increased government's role in labor relations with granting all workers the right to collectively bargain.
9a. What were the New Deal Laws and Agencies created for AGRICULTURE AND RURAL LIFE? 9b. And, what were the lasting effects of these laws and agencies on American Government and Life?
Agricultural Adjustment Act
Commodity Credit Corporation
The government help to set prices for crops. It also helped to keep farmer's income more stead with loans from the Credit Commodity Corporation. These policies made government a larger part of the agricultural section of America's economy. Most of the practices were continued by the government up until the 2000s, and they helped agriculture to grow more in America.
10a. What were the New Deal Laws and Agencies created for BANKING AND FINANCE 10b. And, what were the lasting effects of these laws and agencies on American Government and Life?
Securities and Exchange Commission
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Glass-Steagall Act
These acts and organizations helped to monitor the stock market and ensure consumer confidence, and are still in effect today. The Securities and Exchange Commission still monitors the stock market to make sure prices don't get too high or low. FDR used the FDIC to help rebuild consumer confidence by insuring everyone's bank accounts for up $2500. Nowadays, accounts are insured for up to $100,000.
11a. What were the New Deal Laws and Agencies created for SOCIAL WELFARE 11b. And, what were the lasting effects of these laws and agencies on American Government and Life?
Social Security Act
Social welfare in America was improved by far by Social Security. Of all the effects of the New Deal, this one has endured the best of all. People still pay into Social Security every month from their pay checks. It continues to help modern Americans, as it did during the Great Depression, by providing old age insurance, unemployment insurance, and disabled insurance.
12a. What were the New Deal Laws and Agencies created for ENVIRONMENT 12b. And, what were the lasting effects of these laws and agencies on American Government and Life?
Civilian Conservation Corps
Soil Conservation Service
Taylor Grazing Act
Tennessee Valley Authority
The Civilian Conservation Corps planted thousands of trees and built many hiking trails throughout America that still stand and are being used today. Both the Soil Conservation Service and the Taylor Grazing Act helped to encourage farmers to use safer practices, mainly that would prevent something like the dust bowl from happening again. The Tennessee Valley Authority helped build dozens of dams in the Tennessee Valley area that prevented floods and gave the rural, isolated area electricity.
1. What was the Works Progress Administration?
The Works Progress Administration was an organization that focused on giving work to many unskilled workers that could not find employment elsewhere. It was similar to the Public Works Administration in that it helped create lasting infrastructure and aid, such as schools and roads. The WPA also helped keep a history of slavery in America by interviewing former slaves. Many accused the WPA of being a make-work project, nevertheless it lowered unemployment.
2. How did the New Deal help labor? (Hint: Wagner Act)
The Second New Deal helped labor by reestablishing collective bargaining and other rights stripped by the Supreme Court. The Wagner Act set the maximum number of hours in the work week and set the first minimum wage in America, $.25 an hour. This act also set rules on child labor regarding people under 16 and people under 18. Part of the Wagner Act was setting up the National Labor Relations Board, which helped to get rid of unfair practices by employers.
3. What benefits did the Social Security system provide?
Social Security provided a small amount of money for retirees 65 years or older so that they would be sure to have a certain standard of living. It also provided some money to unemployed people to help keep them afloat while they searched for jobs. Social Security provided a weekly sum of money to those with dependent children or the disabled to help support these people who could not work.
Read pages 710 to 713 in Chapter 23-3 (The New Deal Affects Many Groups) and answer the following questions:
4. Why was the “Black Cabinet” important to the Roosevelt administration?
The “Black Cabinet” was important to the Roosevelt administration because it helped to gain him support among the black population of America. Although he did not fully support Civil Rights for African-Americans, he did do his best to promote more equality than there was. African-Americans recognized that he was appointing many more blacks into government than there had been before and respected his efforts. In general, blacks supported the New Deal.
5. Evaluate the actions and policies of the Roosevelt administration on civil rights.
For the most part, Roosevelt did not do much directly for civil rights. Although he made significant efforts to include blacks and Mexicans, most New Deal agencies ended up discriminating often. However, the New Deal did a lot for the Native Americans civil rights. It helped create more self-sufficient reservations that could govern themselves and have schools on the reservation. Overall, Roosevelt made steps forward in civil rights, but did not move very far.
6. What changes occurred for Native Americans as a result of the New Deal?
As a result of the New Deal, America was no longer attempting to assimilate Native Americans, but rather help them to live separately from many Americans, within their own culture. They were given reservations that definitely belonged to one tribe, as opposed to being up for selling by the government if they believed them abandoned. The Native Americans were also given the right to govern their own reservations how they wanted. They could also practice their own cultural practices as they pleased.
7. Why was the Wagner Act significant?
The Wagner Act was a huge help to organized labor in America. The Act helped increase union membership exponentially and give more power to unions. The act also created some of the first industry wide unions, as opposed to local unions. It helped with the creation of the Congress of Industrial Organization as well, which created large and powerful unions.
DIRECTIONS: Read, Chapter 23-5, which is about the impact of New Deal reforms, and take notes about the lasting effects of those reform on American society.
8a. What were the New Deal Laws and Agencies created for LABOR? 8b. And, what were the lasting effects of these LABOR laws and agencies on American Government and Life?
Wagner Act
National Labor Relations Board
Fair Labor Standards Act
This legislation created limits and regulations on labor that still are in effect today. This was the first time child labor was actually banned in America. The minimum wage and limits on work weeks were set as well. This also helped to increased government's role in labor relations with granting all workers the right to collectively bargain.
9a. What were the New Deal Laws and Agencies created for AGRICULTURE AND RURAL LIFE? 9b. And, what were the lasting effects of these laws and agencies on American Government and Life?
Agricultural Adjustment Act
Commodity Credit Corporation
The government help to set prices for crops. It also helped to keep farmer's income more stead with loans from the Credit Commodity Corporation. These policies made government a larger part of the agricultural section of America's economy. Most of the practices were continued by the government up until the 2000s, and they helped agriculture to grow more in America.
10a. What were the New Deal Laws and Agencies created for BANKING AND FINANCE 10b. And, what were the lasting effects of these laws and agencies on American Government and Life?
Securities and Exchange Commission
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
Glass-Steagall Act
These acts and organizations helped to monitor the stock market and ensure consumer confidence, and are still in effect today. The Securities and Exchange Commission still monitors the stock market to make sure prices don't get too high or low. FDR used the FDIC to help rebuild consumer confidence by insuring everyone's bank accounts for up $2500. Nowadays, accounts are insured for up to $100,000.
11a. What were the New Deal Laws and Agencies created for SOCIAL WELFARE 11b. And, what were the lasting effects of these laws and agencies on American Government and Life?
Social Security Act
Social welfare in America was improved by far by Social Security. Of all the effects of the New Deal, this one has endured the best of all. People still pay into Social Security every month from their pay checks. It continues to help modern Americans, as it did during the Great Depression, by providing old age insurance, unemployment insurance, and disabled insurance.
12a. What were the New Deal Laws and Agencies created for ENVIRONMENT 12b. And, what were the lasting effects of these laws and agencies on American Government and Life?
Civilian Conservation Corps
Soil Conservation Service
Taylor Grazing Act
Tennessee Valley Authority
The Civilian Conservation Corps planted thousands of trees and built many hiking trails throughout America that still stand and are being used today. Both the Soil Conservation Service and the Taylor Grazing Act helped to encourage farmers to use safer practices, mainly that would prevent something like the dust bowl from happening again. The Tennessee Valley Authority helped build dozens of dams in the Tennessee Valley area that prevented floods and gave the rural, isolated area electricity.
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